Backflow News

OWASA Updates Cross-Connection Control Program Following North Carolina Session Law 2024-49: A Model for Utility Implementation

Backflow News - Cross-Connection Control Program

Orange Water and Sewer Authority — OWASA, serving Chapel Hill, Carrboro, and Hillsborough, North Carolina — has released a series of updates to its cross-connection control program that represent one of the most thorough utility-level implementations of North Carolina’s Session Law 2024-49 changes in the state. OWASA revised its Manual of Standards, Specifications and Design in January 2025; updated its Cross-Connection Control Manual in both November 2024 and August 2025; and updated its Cross-Connection Control Ordinance in August 2025. The revisions provide a detailed look at how a modern North Carolina water system is adapting to the combination of state legislative changes, NC Plumbing Code updates, and irrigation-specific requirements.

The Core Trigger: Session Law 2024-49 and Irrigation Testing

OWASA’s program review was precipitated by the changes to North Carolina State Statutes under Session Law 2024-49, which prohibited water systems from requiring residential irrigation backflow testing more frequently than every three years for systems without chemical feeds. Under OWASA’s updated program, backflow assemblies on irrigation systems that remain in service year-round for irrigation systems with no chemical feeds or booster pumps may be tested once every three years instead of annually. Annual certification that no chemical feed is present is required — owners must annually affirm the system remains chemical-free to maintain eligibility for the triennial schedule. If the backflow assembly is removed for winterization, testing within 10 days of reinstallation is required.

New Irrigation Service Connection Requirements

Perhaps the most significant operational change in OWASA’s revised program is the new requirement for dedicated water service and meters for all new irrigation systems. Effective for permits initiated after October 1, 2025, all new irrigation systems must have a dedicated water service and meter, consistent with North Carolina State requirements for drought preparedness and response. This is a meaningful planning change for developers, landscape contractors, and property owners installing new irrigation systems in OWASA’s service area — it is no longer acceptable to tap a new irrigation system off an existing domestic service connection without a dedicated meter. All new irrigation connections require their own service and meter going forward.

Changes to Installation Requirements and Hazard Classification

OWASA’s revised program also updates several technical and installation requirements in alignment with the updated NC Plumbing Code. Existing services with no known high hazard are not required to add backflow protection during remodeling or plumbing upfit of an existing building, unless the facility is on the published NC DEQ list of High Hazard Service Connections, or the backflow protection is required by the NC Plumbing Code or NC Building Code. Backflow piping material requirements on the customer side of the water meter now defer to the NC Plumbing Code rather than OWASA’s own standards. For single-family residential installations, location of the backflow assembly after a tee may be granted if the tee leads to a service line branch solely serving the identified hazard — providing some flexibility in tight installation configurations.

Assembly body material requirements remain stringent: three-inch through ten-inch assemblies must have bodies and bonnets made of fusion bonded epoxy-coated cast iron, ductile iron or steel, bronze, or stainless steel. All assemblies must have contained check valve modules in those larger sizes. All fire line backflow assemblies installed above ground must have heat protection within the enclosure during winter conditions. All assemblies must be testable, repairable, and replaceable in line, with four resilient-seated test cocks having quarter-turn ball valves with slotted or lever-type operators.

OWASA as a Model for Other NC Utilities

OWASA’s layered approach to implementing the Session Law 2024-49 changes — updating its technical manual, then its cross-connection control manual, then its ordinance, on a staggered schedule that allowed each document revision to inform the next — represents a thoughtful implementation process that other North Carolina water systems are using as a reference point. The dedication of a separate manual update specifically to the cross-connection control program, rather than simply amending a few ordinance sections, reflects the complexity of operationalizing the state law changes across the utility’s diverse service area, which includes the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill campus, a large commercial and institutional customer base, and extensive residential irrigation.

What OWASA Customers Need to Know

For property owners in the OWASA service area, the key compliance points are: if you have a residential irrigation system with no chemical feeds that stays in service year-round, confirm with OWASA whether you have been moved to the triennial testing schedule. If your system is winterized (assembly removed), it must be tested within 10 days of reinstallation regardless of where you are in the three-year cycle. If you are installing any new irrigation system in OWASA’s service area with a permit initiated after October 1, 2025, plan for a dedicated water service and meter for that system. And any residential property with a pool, hot tub, spa, in-ground irrigation system, fire suppression system, auxiliary water supply, or other OWASA-identified hazard still requires backflow protection on the domestic service connection — the residential exemption has never applied to these connections.

Source Documents and Contact Information

OWASA Cross-Connection Control Manual (August 2025 revision) available at owasa.org. Manual of Standards, Specifications and Design (January 2025 revision) at owasa.org. OWASA Cross-Connection Control Ordinance (August 2025) at owasa.org. For program-specific questions, contact OWASA Backflow Coordinator. Published at getyourbackflowtested.com/backflow-news

Source: OWASA — Cross-Connection Control Manual August 2025 revision (PDF); OWASA — Cross-Connection Control Requirements program page (owasa.org); NC Session Law 2024-49 (GS 130A-330 amendment). Published at getyourbackflowtested.com/backflow-news

Leave a Comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *